通常這類的題目以論述居多，因此開場白(opening)可用一些常用的片語，如from my perspective, in my opinion等等來開頭，接下來就要講出自己的論點或想法，我們稱之為topic statement，讓聽的人一下子就知道你對這個問題的中心思想是什麼，接下來，再針對你的topic statement，陳述「為什麼」你的論點是對的「理由」(reasons)、「證據」(arguments)、「步驟」(steps, plans)、「故事」(stories, anecdote)等等。而在陳述「理由」、「證據」、「步驟」、「故事」時，最好是能條理化，分點說明，這樣子聆聽者會比較能抓到你的重點。而在陳述故事時，大多使用過去式，所以要特別注意時態的一致性，切忌現在式、未來式、過去式、現在完成式全部都混在一起，想到什麼就說什麼，而造成重大的文法錯誤。在陳述完理由時，必須下個結論(make a conclusion)，做一個完整的結尾(ending)。基本上這就是面對這類題型的應考方式，再詳述如下。
- Opening
- Topic Statement: (concrete, not necessarily a truth)
Supporting Arguments (or Reasons): (itemize or list your points in order)
First,
Second,
Third,
Next,
And then,
Finally (Last but not least)
Examples (stories, anecdotes, personal experiences) – watch out for tense coherence
(past tense most of the time
when you tell a story) - Making a Conclusion
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- 在Opening有一些常看到的片語如下:
1. From my perspective 4. As far as I know
2. From my point of view 5. To my eye,
3. In my opinion
- Before Stating Your Reasons or Arguments (Prepositions)-在陳述理由、論點前可運用的句子
1. The following are the reasons /causes
2. There are several (possible, probable) reasons /causes
3. The reasons why S + V are as follows:
4. When it comes to N (V-ing), there are several causes behind the phenomenon.
- Giving Examples (要舉例時可用到的片語)
1. For instance 2. For example 3. Take N (以..為例)
- Marking a conclusion(作結論前可用到的句子)
(1) On the whole (all in all),
(2) In summary,
(3) To sum up,
(4) In brief,
(5) To summarize,
(6) In short,
(7) To conclude,
(8) In a word,
(9)To wind up,
(10) At the end of the day (, when all is said and done)
(11) In a nutshell
(12)By and large
- Transitional words(在敘述時，也可適時加入一些轉折語氣詞，使語氣更順暢)
(1) However,
(2) In addition/besides/besides that/ Moreover/furthermore/What’s more
(3) On (the) one hand, ........on the other hand.....
(4) Therefore/ Consequently/thus/ as a result
(5) In contrast,
(6) On the contrary/ Conversely,
(7) On top of that/ Plus,
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接下來就給大家舉個例子吧！
Question: Where would you like to be professionally in ten years?
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草擬及重點如下：
TOPIC STATEMENT: I would like to own my own business
SUPPORT: How I will work toward owing my business
(concrete plans)
● will get master’s in business administration
● will work in a company while planning my business
● will start my own business when I am ready
CONCLUSION: Stick to my plans with perseverance, patience and passion
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講出來的內容經過修飾、加入轉折語氣詞後如下:
In ten years, I would like to own an important business of my own. In order to make this dream come true, I make the following plans. First (of all), I will apply for a master’s program in business administration next year so that I can take some courses about how to manage and market a company. Next, after graduation, that will be three years from now, I will work in a company for a few years to make more money and to get as more hands-on (pragmatic) experience as possible while planning my business. Finally, when time is ripe and I’m ready, I will start my own business.
In conclusion, easier said than done. In order to achieve the goal within ten years, I will try my best to stick to those tentative plans. I know there will be a lot of obstacles (hurdles, difficulties, challenges) up ahead waiting for me. However, I believe, with perseverance, patience and passion, I can make it happen.
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希望上面的 tips多多少少對大家準備這類的題型時有幫助，有什麼問題或建議可別忘了告訴我哦!
Interesting to know.